The IB Language and Literature year 1 students created :30-:45 sec TV advertisements for either President Obama or Governor Romney that uses at least 5 fallacies. The purpose of the assignment was to identify fallacies and persuasion, not truth.
The Read Write Think site presents The 10 most frequently used fallacies are:
1. | Ad hominem (meaning "against the person")—attacks the person and not the issue |
2. | Appeal to emotions—manipulates people's emotions in order to get their attention away from an important issue |
3. | Bandwagon—creates the impression that everybody is doing it and so should you |
4. | False dilemma—limits the possible choices to avoid consideration of another choice |
5. | Appeal to the people—uses the views of the majority as a persuasive device |
6. | Scare tactic—creates fear in people as evidence to support a claim |
7. | False cause—wrongly assumes a cause and effect relationship |
8. | Hasty generalization (or jumping to conclusions)—draws a conclusion about a population based on a small sample |
9. | Red herring—presents an irrelevant topic to divert attention away from the original issue |
10. | Traditional wisdom—uses the logic that the way things used to be is better than they are now, ignoring any problems of the past |
Here are two examples.
The students were assessed based on the following rubric.
Rubric:
Rubric:
Criterion A | Knowledge and understanding of the fallacies used and their effect on the audience. . | 10 marks |
Criterion B | Understanding of how language (language can include: image, color, music,and text) is used. | 10 marks |
Criterion C | Organization of the ad effectively creates an argument. | 5 marks |
Criterion D | Language is appropriate for the assignment. | 5 mark |
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